Skip to main content

Featured

3D Printing in Smart Construction and Prototyping

  Revolutionizing the Building Industry Introduction The integration of 3D printing technology into the construction industry has sparked a revolution in the way buildings are designed, prototyped, and constructed. With its ability to fabricate complex structures layer by layer, 3D printing offers unparalleled flexibility, efficiency, and sustainability in construction processes. In this article, we explore the transformative impact of 3D printing in smart construction and prototyping, examining its applications, benefits, and future prospects in reshaping the built environment. Understanding 3D Printing in Construction: 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves the layer-by-layer deposition of materials to create three-dimensional objects from digital models or CAD (Computer-Aided Design) files. In the context of construction, 3D printing enables the fabrication of building components, structures, and even entire buildings ...
Read more

Mobile Technologies

 



mobile technologies

Mobile technologies have come a long way since the early 1980s. In the early years, we had simple two-way pagers and bulky cell phones the size of landline headsets, and poor reception was only available on limited radios. Mobile technologies are now ubiquitous, with high-tech devices operating in the most remote places. Today, a standard mobile device is not just a verbal and written communication unit; it also works as a GPS navigation device, internet browser, and game console. Additionally, mobile apps can extend functionality to a wide range of abilities.

What is mobile technology?

Mobile technology refers to any "wearable" technology. The critical components of mobile technology are:

Portable two-way communication devices

Cellular technology or network technology

Different types of mobile technologies

What are the different mobile technologies? There are four main types of mobile networks: cellular communications, 4G networks, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth connections. Below is an in-depth analysis of the different types of mobile technologies.

Cell technology

First on our list of mobile technologies is cellular technology. A cellular network is a communication system where the last link is wireless. Mobile signals travel from the transmitting device to a mobile base station. The base station transmits the call to a switching center, and from there, it is sent to other base stations until it reaches the receiving device.

Mobile phone companies must calculate the number of base stations required for a service area. To achieve the same transmission quality in all coverage regions, all rooms must have a uniform shape and size. The most commonly used model for mobile networks comprises uniform hexagonal-shaped areas called cells, hence the term "cellular technology." The following sample image shows a base station with an omnidirectional antenna built into the center of each cell.

These cells provide comprehensive geographic coverage and allow many portable devices to communicate with each other and other fixed devices connected to the network. The device first connects to a base station to make a phone call or browse the Internet with a mobile device. A cellular network consists of thousands of base stations, and most of the populated land area of the planet is covered by base stations. The mobile device should select the base station that provides the best quality of service. This association is one of the fundamental problems of radio resource management. When a user is on the move, the mobile device must constantly change the association as each base station has limited coverage; this is called a carryover. The other issue with radio resources is that multiple devices must communicate simultaneously and share capacity on the same channel. The solution to this problem is a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol. A MAC protocol multiplexes multiple data streams from different devices to share the same channel to solve addressing issues: how a device gets a track when it needs it, etc. MAC protocols were initially designed for wired communications where multiple computers are required to transmit data packets simultaneously over a local area network (LAN). The physical medium for wired networks is copper or fiber optic cables, which are reliable and have abundant bandwidth. There is little packet loss, and the MAC protocol designs are relatively simple. In mobile networks, MAC protocol designs are complicated primarily due to the diffraction, scattering, or reflection of a radio signal as it reaches its receiver. In such cases, the signal deteriorates, signal quality varies, and robust transmission is required to mitigate the problem. There is also significant interference from other nearby mobile devices. There are two types of MAC protocols, contention-free and contention-based.